Sambian Partners : Why Are We Losing All Our Good People

Why Are We Losing All Our Good People Background: Sambian Partners founded by Peter Gasbarian in1975. Gasbarian idea was to build top notch architecture and engineering firm. Helen Gasbarian took charge of Sambian Partners as CEO in1997. The case begins with the resignation of Tom Forsythe, an assistant director. Mary Donillo, the head of human resources was opposed to Tom's decision. According to Adrienne Perle, one of the engineers at Sambian Partners people was quite unhappy. When this came into light, Mary Donillo asked her opinion regarding the current situation at the firm and from here she came to know the dissatisfaction among the employees with the current working conditions, mainly from the higher-ups in the organization. The CEO Helen Gasbarian makes decision of promoting Adrianne to a supervisor position. At this, anger rose among other employees who are more qualified but were not promoted. The junior employees were in an opinion that they could make their mark by leaving the company and work on interesting jobs. Mary decides to carry out an employee survey. She designed open ended questions to get an accurate snapshot of the current scenario the company is facing. But the questions prove to be quite mixed. Employees were giving feedback by leaving. Clearly, they feel that more direct forms of feedback will go unheeded. Helen needs to find the root cause of why employees don't trust the company or don't care enough about the company to improve it. Purpose:- To find the reason for the talent drain. Proposed recommendation:- * To provide a forum where employees can speak openly about their discontent without fear of repercussions. (Grievance Management)[2] Methodology:- We have used business school approach, literature case study method, to study the case and give the recommendation. Findings on evidence:-Evidence: -â€Å"Why are we losing all our good people†, Edward E. Lawler III Harvard Business Rev. June 2008 Nov. Author ;Date| Population ; type oforganization| Design| Measures| Outcome| Comment| Rene Schalk, Wim Van Dijk| Conceptual paper| Dutch health care| Concept of employees' psychological contracts with their organization  |   Integrate employee commitment and quality management  | Quality fails when the system fails| T. N. Krishnan| Research paper| Indian organizations| Study carried on the employees| Valuable workplace| Understanding employment relationship| Lisa A. Steelman, Kelly A. Rutkowski| Research paper| Multinational company| Recipient's willingness to change his or her behavior| Motivated to improve job performance| Credible feedback | Carley Foster, Khanyapuss Punjaisri, Ranis Cheng| Conceptual paper| Multinational company| Employees' attitudes and behaviors| Closer alignment between the employees' values and those of the corporate brand| Synergized to achieve a strong, consistent corporate brand| Manuel London | General review| Multinational company| Interviews with bosses of young first-line managers| Encouraging individual contribution and personal growth| Career motivation| Karien Stadler| Research paper| Saudi Arabian mining company| Sample of 59 executives and senior managers| Talent reviews in the identification, development and retention of potential employees| Company's growth strategy| Thomas N. Garavan|   Literature review| Irish firms| Study of career development practices| Promote career development within the organization| Focusing on the role of the line manager, HRM specialist and the general design of career development systems within an organization| Conclusion:- In the case â€Å"Why are we losing all our good people† we can observe that there is a need of a platform where employees can came out with their discontentment and grievances regarding their working conditions. According to the evidence, Hal's news comes as a shock to Mary. â€Å"Are we part of the problem? † thought Mary as Hal describes the scene he just saw moments earlier. At this moment, a decision must be made: does the company asks its employees to take a job satisfaction survey, or does Mary stop the problem in its tracks by confronting Adrianne directly? The CEO and Mary decide to choose the later, ask Adrianne what is on her mind. After idle conversation the question is asked, â€Å"Is Tom Forsythe talking to you? And are these rumors true? After a few awkward minutes, the truth is reviled. No, Tom is not talking to Adrianne, but she is quite simply unhappy with the current working conditions, mainly from the higher-ups in the organization. Final decision:- From the above evidence we say that Sambian should establish an open-door policy so that employees know that they can talk to someone above their supervisors if they have a complaint. Helen must personally guarantee that feedback will be taken seriously. The employees might be experiencing an imbalance between work and life. The corporate culture should be clearly defined and the employees surveyed should analyze how far they are separated from the same. The employees also felt that there were inadequate career opportunities where they can grow. There was lack of recognition to their higher order needs. Jean Martin, executive director of the Corporate Leadership Council, gave the professional opinion of this article. According to her advice, the issue does not fall on â€Å"what† Mary is asking; it is â€Å"How† she asks it. It will be a harmful for a company when large groups of employees are migrating from it. In such situations, managers will be blamed. Not because they are doing a bad job and they failed to foresee this issue. But as a manager, it is important that they should conduct â€Å"audits† to make sure that their employees are happy. This is known as a â€Å"culture audit. â€Å"[1] It can prove be an effective way to combat these issues. Hence, a robust and clear HR processes is required to make these policies work within the company. References:- 1. Rene Schalk, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance   2. T. N. Krishnan, Employee Relations  ,2011 , Vol. 33, Issues: 5 3. Manuel London, Journal of Management Development  , 1986Volume: 5  Issue: 3 4. http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=0967-0734&volume=18&issue=3&articleid=1864041&show=abstract 5. http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=0967-0734&volume=18&issue=7 6. http://blcdocs. cox. smu. edu

Horses Anatomy Essay

The respiratory system of the horse is well adapted to athletic exercise, with unrestricted upper airway diameters, and a large lung capacity afforded by 18 ribs. These combine to enable air intakes of up to 1800 litres per minute in a galloping horse. Volumes of up to 300 litres of blood are pumped at high pressure through small lung capillaries surrounding 10 million air sacs to take up and deliver over 70 litres of oxygen per minute to the working muscles at the gallop. As a result, any restriction in upper airway diameter, obstruction of the airways, diseases or stress related conditions that reduce efficiency of oxygen uptake from the air sacs, can have a great influence on athletic capacity. The large lung surface and high blood flow rates also provide the additional function of heat loss during and after exercise, with up to 20% of the muscle heat generated during exercise being exchanged across the lung surface to supplement sweating and other skin surface heat loss mechanisms. The respiratory system is continually challenged by a large amount of foreign material, including viruses, bacteria and fungi inhaled in air from track and arena surfaces during exercise, or from dusty bedding, feed and stable environments. The horses circulatory system is a very large and complex system made up of veins and arteries. The blood is the pumped under enormous pressure from the heart along the arteries which have thick muscular walls to deal with the pressure. It oxygenates the body and the internal organs The circulatory system is based upon the heart – a hollow, muscular organ in the chest cavity. It pumps the blood around the body and is divided into four separate compartments . Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs to be oxygenated and then is returned to the left ventricle. Blood from the left ventricle is pumped all through the body in arteries. Arteries repeatedly branch and diminish in size until they become microscopic capillaries. Capillaries permit necessary interchange between blood and tissue. They eventually join up to produce veins, which convey blood to the right atrium and from there to the right ventricle. A horse of average size has approximately 50 pints (28 litres) which circulate through his system every 40 seconds. Excretory system Depending on size, age, and productive status (work, sport, pleasure, breeding, pregnancy, lactation, retirement), a horse will digest about 60% of most feedstuffs. Feed that is 60% digestible indicates that if a horse is fed 25 pounds of dry feed, 15 will be digested and 10 pounds will be excreted as manure (feces). This will vary by feed. Feeds that are higher in fiber such as hays and grasses have a lower digestibility. Conversely, concentrate feeds that contain grains such as corn, oats, and/or barley, usually have a higher efficiency of digestion and less fecal excretion. Nitrogen (N) is a major component of protein. Horses need protein for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, and work. Phosphorus (P) is a macromineral needed for maintenance, growth, and other physiologic functions. Water is also essential for bodily functions. Water is lost from the body primarily in the excretion of feces and urine, sweat, evaporation from the lungs and skin, and in the case of lactation, from milk. It also affects the consistency of manure. All nutrients that are digested (absorbed) are metabolized in the horse’s body. Some of these, especially nitrogen in proteins, are excreted in the urine. After being digested and metabolized in the body, waste nitrogen is converted to urea in the liver and excreted in the urine. Additional  undigested nitrogen is excreted in the feces. Overfeeding protein will increase the excretion of nitrogen. Overfeeding phosphorus will increase the excretion of phosphorous, most of which is excreted in the feces. Horses should be fed a diet that is digestible and formulated to meet nutritional requirements, while avoiding excesses. Overfeeding can result in higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the manure. Horse farmers should feed horses according to their nutritional needs. Specific recommendations for nitrogen (protein) and phosphores.

Fences: African American and Troy Essay

In 1987, August Wilson’s â€Å"Fences† was a part of his Pittsburg Cycle of dramas of the 20th Century. These plays were used to â€Å"examine important elements of African American experiences† (Gardner 1331). The symbolisms in the play are used to tell the late life story of Troy Maxon and his relationship with family. From the start of the play, there is conflict and foreshadowing that shows Troy’s own belief that he has failed in life and that the world did not give him what he deserved. He believes that he has to venture outside of his family to find relief. At the start of the play, Wilson takes the audience into the seemingly happy life of Troy Maxon. The author then makes it clear that he felt like a failure and was not happy. The first symbol that is seen is the difference between the white people and the black people. Troy takes a stand and asks why black people never get to drive the trash trucks. Most of his coworkers believe that he will be fired. This theme of not being appreciated and believing that something is not enough is seen through all the symbols used in this drama. A second symbol seen is sports and dreams of the future. Troy had been in the Negro League and played baseball until he was over 40 years old. The problem presents itself when Troy is overlooked by the recently desegregated professional baseball league because of his age. His dreams of playing for the professional white league were smashed, and he believed that he had nothing to show his worth in the later years. This defeat in his career also defeated Troy mentally. From then on, he saw his family and his life as a failure that he wanted to escape from, yet he could not shake the feeling of responsibility to them. Troy’s first son, Lyons, is accepted by Troy. Lyons is a failure in Troy’s eyes and so Troy believes that Cory is no better than him. Lyons wants to be a musician, but he is not very successful. Troy sees Lyons failure in music career to be equivalent to his failure to get into the professional league. He believes that his son will eventually take an unskilled job and end up just like his father. In the last scene of the play it is revealed that Lyons did end up defeated, but not to the extent of his father. His love of music still lived and he was still pursuing his dream. Unlike his son Lyon, Troy’s feeling of failure is evident in his relationship with his son, Cory. Cory is an excellent football player, and yet, Troy refuses to acknowledge his son’s ability even when he is recruited by a college. Troy will not let Cory succeed where he failed and refuses to let Cory go to college on a football scholarship. In Act 1, Scene 3, Cory asks Troy â€Å"How come you ain’t never liked me? † (Wilson 1075). Troy is angry at this question and tells Cory that â€Å"†¦it’s my duty to take care of you. I owe a responsibility to you! † (Wilson 1076). However, even before this it is obvious that Troy sees Cory as nothing but an annoyance that continues until the final scene, when Cory arrives for Troy’s funeral. Troy’s relationship with his wife Rose is an unfaithful one. He is constantly stating that there is no better woman or wife, yet he has an affair with Alberta. Through this diversity, Rose is eventually presented as a model of the strong African American woman. She has given her life to Troy, and yet he has an affair with Alberta. He explains the affair as a way to ignore the responsibilities of his failed life. This aggravates Rose because he has never taken her feelings, wants or needs into consideration. Troy continues to be married to Rose, but also continues his affair with Alberta while Rose knows about the whole thing. Rose even accepts the call from the hospital when Alberta dies while giving birth. The full strength of Rose is not shown until Troy brings home his love child. He asks Rose to help him raise her. Rose’s response shows the intensity of her strength. She says, â€Å"From right now†¦this child got a mother. But you is a womanless man† (Wilson 1099). Rose makes it apparent that this child will have as good a life as Rose can give her and she will show no animosity or jealousy towards the child. Troy, on the other hand, will have the responsibility of the child, Rose, Lyons, and Cory while receiving nothing in return. Throughout all these trials, the fence is essential in the explanation of Troy’s life. Rose had requested the fence, and it symbolized her family being held together. The fact that Troy never really worked on the fence showed that he was not in love with Rose, but felt a responsibility to her. He wanted his freedom and the fence symbolized his imprisonment. The symbol of the fence throughout this play connects everything back to the fact that Troy Maxon was unhappy with his life, and felt as if he were a failure. He felt no real responsibility to Lyons, hence their relationship was better. Troy was jealous of Cory and reminded of his failures by Rose. Wilson used the fence to tell this story. It was not just a story of a life seen as a failure, but a look into the mind and thoughts of an African American man of the 1950s. Works Cited Wilson, August. Fences. Literature: A Portable Anthology. Ed. Janet E. Gardner, 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2012. 1053-1111. Print. Gardner, Janet, Beverly Lawn, Jack Ridl, Peter Schakel, eds. Literature: A Portable Anthology. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. Print.

Oral Health and Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oral Health and Nutrition - Essay Example The dementia diagnosis was carried out blind from the dental and nutritional status. The study concluded that "having fewer teeth was associated in a cross-sectional analysis with incident dementia, and that this association was strongest in people who did not use dentures" (853). The study additionally found that females were significantly more likely to use dentures, and thus suffer less dementia (852). Nutrition and oral health have been associated as poor dental health makes it more difficult to consume fresh and healthy foods, while poor nutrition contributes further to poor oral health. This study linked the deterioration of dental health and teeth count to dementia. The study reported that the increased risk of dementia, and especially Alzheimer's Disease, may be due to the inflammatory processes associated with periodontal disease. Further research is needed to isolate the mechanism of onset for this important aspect of aging that affects many people worldwide, and could possibly be averted by better dental health and the increased use of dentures.

Financial accounting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial accounting - Research Proposal Example Asset Liabilities Equity Income Expenses. UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS Two core assumptions applied while making financial statements are: 1. Accrual Basis: Accrual basis of accounting record the revenues when realized and incur expense when they occur. All the income and expenses are recorded in the accounting record when they actually occur not at the time when cash has flown in or out of the business activity. Therefore in accrual base accounting all the records are reported in the financial statements in the period to which they relate to. Example: Following example adopted from Gibson, Charles H., 1998. Financial Statement Analysis: Using Financial Accounting Information, 7th Ed. South Western. Slight numerical values have been altered. Suppose: 1. Manufacturing concern sold merchandise for $15,000 on credit this year. This merchandise cost $900 when purchased last year. 2. It purchases inventory this year in the amount of $20,000 on credit. 3. Paid to suppliers f merchandise $13,000 this year. 4. Collects cash sales $7,000. Accrual Basis Cash Basis Sales $ 15,000 COGS $ 9,000 Income $ 6,000 Receipts (inflow) $ 7,000 Payment (outflow) $ 13,000 Loss ($ 6,000) It is seen that accrual basis shows a profitable position where else cash basis indicates a loss. Cash basis doesn't indicate the time period for the recognition of revenue and occurrence of cost. It shows the cash inflows and outflows. For this purpose separate statement is prepared whish shows the cash position and named as Statement of Cash flow. When using accrual basis of accounting,...The end users of the financial statements can be customers, investors, suppliers, government agencies, student body, economist or general public. The International Accounting Standard Board, a privately owned body based in London presented a document in July 1989 which became framework for the preparation & presentation of financial statements. On this framework all the IAS are based and determine the financial statement preparation and the information they contain. Accrual basis of accounting record the revenues when realized and incur expense when they occur. All the income and expenses are recorded in the accounting record when they actually occur not at the time when cash has flown in or out of the business activity. Therefore in accrual base accounting all the records are reported in the financial statements in the period to which they relate to. It is seen that accrual basis shows a profitable position where else cash basis indicates a loss. Cash basis doesn't indicate the time period for the recognition of revenue and occurrence of cost. It shows the cash inflows and outflows. For this purpose separate statement is prepared whish shows the cash position and named as Statement of Cash flow. Going concern assumption believes that business entities will remain in business for indefinite period of time. That the operations will continue in the future years.

Intellectual Disability (Formerly Mental Retardation) Research Paper

Intellectual Disability (Formerly Mental Retardation) - Research Paper Example These are genetic, acquired, environmental and sociocultural. In genetic factors, it involves chromosomal or hereditary disorders. Due to the translocation of chromosomes 21 and 15, which cause Down syndrome in newborns, which statistics show occur in 15 of every 10000 births. Other related intellectual disabilities caused by chromosome disorder are the fragile X chromosome syndrome, lesch-nyhan syndrome and rett syndrome among others. On the other hand, intellectual disabilities are acquired through hereditary factors. It can be passed from a parent to a baby. These hereditary factors include galactosemy, Tay-Sachs disease, phenylketonuria, Mowat-Wilson syndrome among others (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Fernald, 1912). There are acquired factors that also cause intellectual disabilities and these can be grouped into two groups: Congenital and developmental factors. Congenital factors are those that acquired through the infected parent’s body. These infections can be through metabolic, neonatal hypothyroidism, intoxication through lead poisoning, fatal syndrome or prenatal exposure to lethal substances and infectious body diseases like syphilis, toxoplasmosis among others. On the other hand, developmental factors include those infections that are acquired during prenatal period where pregnancy complications such as toxemia could arise leading to intellectual disability (Schrander-Stumpel, et al, 2007). ... Poverty opens up a wide exposure to environmental and psychosocial factors to the infants. Poor prenatal, perinatal and postnatal health care can lead to intellectual disabilities as well. The above factors are just a few of the known causes of intellectual disabilities though to date, most causes are still unknown and still being researched (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Schrander-Stumpel, et al, 2007). With different intellectual disabilities, the symptoms differ from one disability to the other with most common characterized by limitation in communication, personal care, home life, self-governance, leisure time, work, academic skills, health and safety and lastly limitations in social life (Schrander-Stumpel, et al, 2007). While these are common characteristics, there are those particular characters that are observed with a particular disability. With the genetic disorders in the fragile X syndrome, a person’s brain is affected, hence, displaying characters associ ated with autism, which include poor eye contact, anxiety, sudden mood change and hand flapping (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Although it is rare, it affects both males and females. In the case of Phenylketonuria, it leads to corrosion of myelin in the brain exhibiting signs of epilepsy and neurological problems. There are symptoms of autistic disorder and hyperactivity in the case of Bourneville as an intellectual disability. Lastly, on genetic etiology, there is Lesch Nyhan syndrome, which allows excess flow of uric acid. It is characterized by self-mutilating behaviors like finger, lip biting, and makes the victim more aggressive towards others (American Psychiatric

Sustainable Hospitality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sustainable Hospitality - Research Paper Example The concept of sustainable restaurant will be of a medium sized business that will be located in San Diego for the food loving people. The restaurant will give emphasis to organic and locally sourced ingredients and will offer healthy foods at an affordable price. The restaurant will provide a traditional yet stylish decor to make the environment attractive as well as relaxing for the customers along with the employees. The restaurant in San Diego will be developing a sustainable business operation by managing not only the finances but also the social along with environmental impact of the business. The restaurant will buy products from the local people to avoid the impact of fuel related to transportation. The services provided to the customers will be trendy yet ethnic with quality assurance without harming the environment by the supply chain management. The objective of the business concept will be to contribute much to the society and the environment by purchasing local sourced products from the local farmers to improve their financial position. The other philosophy is to operate the business ethically. The focus on fairness, honesty along with integrity will be the core corporate philosophy of the restaurant. For the business concept of the sustainable business to be effective, corporate culture is determined as a vital constituent in the business. The corporate culture is important to build strong collaboration with the people and the locality. The restaurant business will treat each and every employee as the most valuable resource of the organization irrespective of their job position. The success of the business is highly dependent on the employees and the management. They are the most important deriving forces for attaining the organizational mission and profit. In order to be successful and sustainable, the culture of the company will depend on values such as the integrity, commitment, courage, balance and passion. The proposed sustainable

Communication and IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication and IT - Essay Example This new technology has caused an important transition for medical records of patients- from paper to computer records. The conventional modes of maintaining customer’s medical history has been replaced by effective management of the electronic data records. Due to this technology, doctors can access the customers’ information from anywhere, where internet access is available. The electronic management of medical history of patients proves to be effective even during natural disasters or catastrophes like Hurricane Katrina or 9/11. Physical records cannot be available at such tragic times; however electronic medical records prove to be very effective. These records are maintained at several locations around the country so that such disasters do not result in the loss of data. Doctors may share their electronic medical records with other doctors. Such a practice facilitates discussions between doctors for devising the most effective treatment for patients with rare illne sses. Change of doctors can also be done in an effective manner since the medical history of the patient can be easily accessed by the new doctor. However, Freudenheim (2009) stated that some doctors hesitate in making the transition to the new systems due to the requirement of expensive infrastructure and personnel.

Impact of culture on online consumer purchase decision Thesis Proposal

Impact of culture on online consumer purchase decision - Thesis Proposal Example The present research has identified that the advent of the internet in the business has significantly transformed the business. Organizations are making constant efforts to win the customer on multiple channels. Immense literature has been developed to explore the impact of different factors on the consumer purchase decision. The increasing role of the internet has led the researchers to explore the factors that play an effective role in driving consumer to transact online. Culture as a factor has received limited attention. Hence, the problem statement for this proposed study is an exploration of the role of culture on the whole in affecting the consumer purchase decision while making an online transaction. The aim of the study refers to the central idea around which the entire study revolves. With this definition at work, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of culture on the purchase decision of the consumer while making an online transaction. With this aim, following objectives are planned to be achieved: In the light of a specific definition of the culture, identification of a specific set of factors that determine the culture. Â  Exploration of the impact of culture on consumer decision-making process. Exploration of the difference in consumer decision making process in online and offline transaction. Exploration of different factors of culture on the online consumer decision making process.

Macroeconomics. A fixed exchange rate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Macroeconomics. A fixed exchange rate - Essay Example 5. Using the closed economy IS-LM model, show how falls in business and consumer confidence can precipitate a deep and prolonged recession. Set out what Keynes meant when he advocated fiscal policy to solve the problem. 10 6. By what means may the monetary authorities maintain a fixed exchange rate Outline how devaluation may help a country experiencing difficulties under a fixed exchange rate regime and set out circumstances under which devaluation makes things worse. 13 The Keynes and Pigou effects can be understood in the context of the impact of a change in the money supply on consumption. The economists Keynes and Pigou studied the effects of a fall in wages and prices on real aggregate demand and attempted to determine what underlies the closed-economy AD curve. Keynes maintained that a fall in money wages and price levels would reduce the demand for money and result in a fall in interest rates, thereby taking the economy to full employment. This is known as the Keynes effect. This takes place, he explained, in a situation where the money supply is constant because a fall in price levels would increase the real money supply. ... rence between money supply and real money supply We define the money supply as the quantity of money supplied by the central bank and then assume that it is constant or unchanged for different price levels. However, if the money supply (represented by the variable M) is constant while the price level (P) falls, the real money supply (represented by the fraction M/P) increases. Therefore, a fall in P at constant M raises M/P, the real money supply that in effect represents the "value" of M, shifting the upward sloping L-M curve to the right, with effects that are analogous to those of an increase in M. Increasing M has the effect of bringing the interest rate down, generating a rise in investment spending. Businesses will expand to increase production, employment will rise, and so would output and consumption. The effect would be small (that is, the AD curve is steep) if either (a) the L-M curve is quite flat so that the fall in the interest rate is small, or (b) the downward sloping I-S curve is steep, so that falls in interest rate will have little effect on spending. In standard textbooks, the derivation of the closed economy aggregate demand (AD) curve relies entirely on the Keynes effect. Pigou studied the same phenomenon and maintained that lower prices would encourage consumption, thereby boosting total income and employment. This is known as the Pigou effect. Like Keynes, he observed that a fall in prices would raise the real money supply (M/P), which raises wealth and stimulates a rise in consumption. This shifts the I-S curve to the right. The Pigou effect is largest when the Keynes effect is smallest (that is, the L-M curve flat and the I-S curve steep). This phenomenon, also known as the real balance effect, is based on the assumption that part of

Samsung Corporation Essay Example for Free

Samsung Corporation Essay The presentation was intended to discuss my most admired person born outside the United States, and I have chosen Kun Hee Lee, the CEO of Samsung Corporation. My admiration of Kun Hee Lee stems from the fact that he possesses fearless leadership, exercises quality management with passion, and has exemplary skills of â€Å"getting the right people on the bus† i.e. selecting the most competent employees. The content of the presentation was comprehensive and encompassed a brief yet thorough explanation of Kun Hee Lee Kim’s positive traits that are worth emulating. These include his penchant for quality control, which resulted in a 3 billion dollar net profit for Samsung’s telecommunication division by 2002, and a substantial growth in revenue, from 230million dollars to 15 billion dollars. One other reason which has been expounded on by the speaker is his talent in recruiting the best employees, further reinforcing his success as an executive. Both items have been discussed comprehensively citing pertinent facts from literature. I have also made efforts to ensure that the words used are appropriate for each portion being discussed – but this still needs to be significantly improved. In terms of content, it would be better if the conclusion was elaborated on further. I think that the choice of the topic has been done prudently, and it is an apt topic to present. The organization of the presentation has also been undertaken systematically, and it is apparent that an outline with clear thoughts has been used in making the presentation. While the content is commendable, I think there are several points to improve on in terms of style. One strength is the effort to maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the presentation. However, I should show more confidence and credibility by improving my rigid posture. The voice volume should also be improved, with proper intonation, inflection and accent at points of emphasis so that the audience may not be bored. Because of this point of improvement, it seemed like I was reading a manuscript instead of delivering a presentation in a lively and animated manner. Pronunciation should likewise be improved to facilitate understanding by the audience since I am a non-native speaker. All these may be significantly improved by trying to interact more frequently with native speakers to have more venues for using the English language. In conclusion, the presentation was commendable in terms of content with very little need for improvement in the conclusion portion. On the other hand, the manner of delivery – including voice volume, intonation, pronunciation, accent, and confidence must be enhanced. Eye contact is already satisfactory.

Exercise the Mind, Body, and Soul Essay Example for Free

Exercise the Mind, Body, and Soul Essay Being in this class has helped me realize that my health, as well as others’ health, is very important. The past five weeks I have been recording my habits to see what was necessary to change. After the first three weeks, I had concluded that I really needed to increase my physical activity to do more than my average everyday walking. We were to go about our everyday lives and record exactly what we did on a regular basis. Before this, I would never have considered myself a person who exercises regularly. However, after this project I feel that I have earned the title of a person who exercises on the regular. Once I had picked my area I wanted to increase, I picked out to goals. My first goal was to exercise a minimum of 120 minutes a week. Two objectives I had to fulfill that goal were to complete my homework by four o’ clock each afternoon so that I had time to walk for twenty minutes in the evenings. Another objective I had was to park further away so I could wake an extra ten minutes to and from my car each day of school. My final goal was to lose three pounds by October 23, 2011. The first objective I had to fulfill that goal was to ask my friend/s Karlee, Sarah, and/or Samantha to exercise with me to help me stay motivated. My last objective to reach my weight loss goal was to do Zumba at least three times a week for 30 minutes minimum. Participating in daily physical activities such as walking or doing aerobic exercises is not only important for you physically, but it can also benefit you mentally and emotionally. A report shows that at least 60% of the global population fails to achieve the minimum recommendation of 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity daily (Saxena, Van Ommeren, Tang, Armstrong, 2005, p. 445). Walking is one of the most popular, easiest, and safest forms of physical activity (Sykes, 2009, p.40). Walking has many positive benefits to doing it. You have  less chance of getting/having heart problems, lower blood pressure, lose body weight, stress reducer are just few good things walking can do for you.  Studies have generally shown that exercise increases states of positive affect or energetic arousal, and reduces anxiety, tension, or negative affect. Research has also demonstrated that exercise may be similarly effective in the treatment of depression (Lutz, Lochbaum, Carson, Jackson, Greenwood, Byas, 2008, p.166). Exercise gives you something to do. It is an easy way to get your mind off negative things and makes you feel better not only physically, but also mentally. According to Sykes, et al (2009, p. 42), exercise can improve a person’s physical self-worth and other important self-perceptions such as body image. Having exercise goals that relate to personal performance and improvement is also associated with high positive emotion and improved mood. My last two weeks of recording was difficult to say the least. Some days seemed easier than others did. Walking a couple times, a week was easy for me to get in the habit of doing. Not only did I notice that I was having a bit more energy, my dogs, that I took walking with me, we willing to walk more around the house, instead of sleeping all day. As the days went by, I noticed I was finishing my homework earlier, which allowed me more time to increase my time to do activities. My friends were extremely helpful and supportive during this whole process. They were excited to come over and do Zumba with me. They would come at least once a week and work out for at least 30 minutes. I believe I have made a change for the better that will continue to grow. I have realized that I had just been lazy. I now have so much more energy in the days, which really helps me go to sleep earlier and longer. It was difficult at first to change my ways, but with the support of my friends, it made things a lot easier for me. With my increase in physical activity, as I mentioned,  my sleeping habits have gotten better, and well as my leisure time. Now all I need to do is work on my eating habits, which are not too bad, and I will be living a much healthier life than I have been.

How Malaysia Has Benefit From The International Trade Economics Essay

How Malaysia Has Benefit From The International Trade Economics Essay 2.0 INTRODUCTION Recent years international trade has played a important role to most of the countries . It has connected every country together provided a considerable profits to them . To the international trade , it contains two main parts import and export . Exporting is the selling of products or services supplied from ones own country for use in other countries . By contrast , importing buying of products made in other countries for use in ones country . They are the basic element of the international trade . Among all the countries , Malaysia has benefit a lot from international trade in terms of life , work , house , health and so on . It has improved the economic development totally and made Malaysia much more beautiful . CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION PATTERN Consumption pattern is the combination of qualities , quantities , acts and tendencies characterizing a community or human groups use of resources for survival , comfort and enjoyment . To Malaysia , it just has a very single and closed corporation at the beginning before the international trade . They just sell themselves and grow food on their own . But some of the products are not as good as they think of because of the insufficient technology and the poor quality of materials supplies . Though with the same materials , they still can not produce better goods . However , the international has changed this . It absorbs the investment as well as the varieties of goods such as food including Japanese sushi , Korea cuisine and Chinese dumplings to Malaysia . People begin to try those food and this has changed their habits . Meanwhile some goods which Malaysia is not good at producing are introduced for people to use them . So Malaysia take advantages of their special goods which have good quality to export in order to achieve more profits by using the extra time . It means they just produce what they do well in and focus on producing some special and goo products . For example , Malaysia has a good resources of rubber , so they focus on exporting this . Unlike the rubber , they dont have enough resources to grow the rice. Thus Malaysia just depends on the importing from Thailand ,India and China mainly . This has changed the consumption pattern of Malaysia and made it much easier for people to consume . In all , the total consumption pattern has been changed to the specialization by the international trade , which is really helpful to Malaysia . In the future , the consumption will be much perfect to Malaysia . Olympia College JB International trade 13 IMPROVE PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY Quality consists of the capacity to satisfy wants , quality is the degree to which a specific product satisfies the wants of a specific consumer. Efficiency is the high speed to produce the goods in limit time . As we know , international trade brings external competition to Malaysia which has affected the local market . Though the tax of importing is very high in result of the price of goods will be higher than the local ones , there are still many people purchasing the foreign goods due to the good quality . For example the shoes Adidas, Nike , Converse and Puma which has attracted many costumers in Malaysia .Though the price of them is very high , The quality has won the costumers . Therefore it reduces the number of local goods which should be sold . Meanwhile , the local market also face the internal competition . In order to sell more and stand in the market , they have to improve the quality of goods . The local market take advantages of the international trade to import technology , good materials and funds to improve the quality . Of course , this method improve the production efficiency as well due to the advanced technology . In the same time and same condition , they can produce more products . This has made them become more confident and increase the economic growth of Malaysia . For example ,the statistics from the United States to a view , Malaysia imported machine tools in about more than 400 million US dollars . Mainly from Japan , Germany , China Taiwan. In order to encourage importing , Malaysia has taken the current zero-tariff policy on imported machines . With these materials , Malaysia has acquired large profits and improved the quality and efficiency . Thus , international trade is really necessary to improve the product quality and production efficiency . Olympia College JB International trade 14 REDUCTION IN UNEMPLOYED RESOURCES Reduction in unemployed resources means the unemployment rate has reduced . There are not too many people who dont have jobs . In terms of employees in Malaysia , international trade has reduced a lot by two main methods . One is the investment and export , anther one is transfer the labors . Generally, investment is the application of money for earning more money. Investment also means savings or savings made through delayed consumption . Due to the international trade , a lot of firms have invested in Malaysia and build industry . It is not only a chance to increase the economic development , but also provides more jobs for employees . For example , a foreign company A want to invest and build a electric industry in Malaysia . Everything is prepared except the employees . As their own countrys employees [$1500] are very experience compared to Malaysia[$1000] , so they make use of the local workers so that they can save the principal and outcome . However , this indirectly help Malaysia to reduce the number of unemployed resources. In addition , As Malaysia need to export goods to obtain exchanges , this also has offered a stable market and reduce the number of employees . Transfer the labors means the labors can go abroad to work and the foreign labors can come Malaysia to work . Malaysia has a good surrounding , which is near to Singapore , Thailand and so on. So every year a lot of people go to Singapore and Thailand to work in order to obtain more money . This has decreased the number of employees in Malaysia . To the work like agricultural and mining jobs , as the local people dont like to work , then the foreign labors will solve this problem. The migrant labor came mainly from southern China and southern India . In all , international trade is really efficient to reduce the unemployed rate , which improve the economic growth as well . Olympia College JB International trade 15 WIDER CONSUMER CHOICE BRING HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING International trade has brought different countries products and it provides people a wider choice to consume as well . Meanwhile the standard of living has also been improved . As you know , some people are attracted by the foreign products easily as they want to try the special things and the quality is also very good . Thus , the external competition between foreign goods and local goods make the local firms improve their quality and beauty . Meanwhile the foreign firms has to improve themselves as well , it result the quality of goods will be updated every second . In addition , many firms import variety of goods in order to attract the consumers . They make the market more abundant .People can enjoy themselves and have better choices . Due to the abundant market , the standard of living has been improved higher and higher . Therefore peoples life is better and better . A good example which can show you how Malaysia standard of living has been changed . According to Ministry of Finance statistics , as of August 2003 , Malaysia accounted for bank deposits of individual deposit 58% of the total annual of 6% . According to Ma energy telecommunications and multimedia Department of statistics , as if June 2004, fixed phone users 454.7 million , mobile users 1,239.8 million in urban and rural fixed-line telephone has a rate of 23% and 12% mobile phone ownership 53% and 2% . as of April 2006 , Malaysia has 420 million computer users , the number of internet users account for 40% .From this we know that the standard of living in Malaysia is increasing by the international trade fast . In all ,Malaysia has taken a big step in terms of the standard of living after the international trade . The life of Malaysia is better and better . Olympia College JB International trade 16 GREATER MOBILITY OF RESOURCES Mobility means can move . International trade has brought greater mobility of resources such as labors , goods and capital . This makes people exchange their technology and improve themselves. The movement of students and highly skilled workers across borders is a real and complex phenomenon that poses challenges for developing countries with no simple solution. Student mobility represents by the most important source of international trade in higher education . Recent years Malaysia has sent 25-30 thousand students to go abroad . Of course basically all the students are supported by the government .In year 2005, there were 42 712 Malaysian students  went abroad for study. 38 784  of them chose to study in OECD countries while the rest went to non-OECD countries. Back here shows the  breakdown of destinations where  Malaysian students chose to  go [data 1] . After they return , they will bring new technology and knowledge to make contributions to their mother land . This has helped Malaysia in the economy a lot and learn from other countries to improve themselves . Highly skilled workers are one of the supreme arrogance of a person with great power . They are the one most countries want to have . So every year some highly skilled worker will be introduced and someone who has highly skilled in Malaysia take advantages of the skill to achieve exchange. For example , the contractors in Malaysia hands this year was 3.7 billion worth of overseas contracts . This has made a big difference to Malaysia economy . This has taken a big step by the mobility of resources to Malaysia . Olympia College JB International Trade 19 Data 1 Malaysia students go to†¦ / Percentage (%)  [ Number (2005) ] Australia 36.41 ( 15552 ) United Kingdom 26.86 ( 11474 ) United States 15.02 ( 6415 ) Japan 4.48 ( 1915 ) New Zealand 2.79 ( 1190 ) Ireland 2.25 ( 960 ) Germany 1.33 ( 566 ) France 0.81 ( 345 ) Korea 0.50 ( 212 ) Netherlands 0.09 ( 40 ) Sweden 0.09 ( 40 ) Finland 0.03 ( 14 ) Denmark 0.03 ( 11 ) Switzerland 0.02 ( 10 ) Belgium 0.02 ( 9 ) Norway 0.02 ( 9 ) Spain 0.01 ( 6 ) Austria 0.01 ( 5 ) Czech Republic 0.01 ( 4 ) Hungary 0.01 ( 4 ) Turkey 0.00 ( 2 ) Poland 0.00 ( 1 ) Total OECD destinations : 90.80 ( 38784 ) Total Non-OECD destinations:   9.20 ( 3928 ) Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2007 Indicator C3: Who studies abroad and Olympia College JB International trade 17 CONCLUSION Overall , international trade has really benefit Malaysia so much that basically every part of Malaysia has been improved . It made Malaysia consumption pattern more special and fit for Malaysia themselves . To the quality and efficiency , they have been improved a big step and this has provided Malaysia a good method to obtain more profits . Meanwhile their standard of living is becoming higher and higher . In addition , Malaysia has obtained so many mobility of resources , especially the students and highly skilled workers , who have taken advantages of their knowledge and skill to make more countries to their countries . All of them above made Malaysia economy increasing fast and stably .with the international trade , the future of Malaysia will be much beautiful and developed . Olympia College JB Intro to Business 20

Using Our Fears to Curtail Our Liberties :: Free Essays

The danger we face today in this country is not that government officials will make hasty and rash decisions out of fear. It is that they will use a national crisis as an opportunity to make themselves more powerful and less accountable for what they do in regards to our civil liberties and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. They realise that in times of great distress and anxiety the general mass of the population is not going to notice these new policies that they are going to rush through congress and have signed by their president all in the name of the war on terrorism. An increasingly tyrannical tone is pervading through the Bush administration. We have seen it in the Patriot legislation act that was so hastily pushed through Congress with barely a mention anywhere in the papers. We have seen it in the President Bush’s order authorizing military tribunals for those thought to be terrorists or conspirators without traditional due process protections and without a right of appeal to anyone but our great President Bush himself. We have also seen it in new federal policies that permit eavesdropping of confidential communications between attorneys and their client’s privileged phone calls. And we have seen it in new regulations that allow the attorney general to imprison non-citizens indefinitely, even if an immigration judge has ruled that there is no evidence to justify holding them against their will. Currently there are 641 citizens and non-citizens being detained throughout our country, who have not been charged with a crime. These de tainees are being held for nothing more then their nationality. This is reminiscent of what happened to the Japanese in our country during the Second World War. If this current wave of policies is to continue, there will be no stopping the current administration and how far they are willing to go.

Ernest Hemingway Essay -- essays research papers fc

Ernest Hemingway   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ernest Hemingway was a great American author. He was a giant of modern literature. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899. He was the first son of Clarence and Grace Hall Hemingway and the second of their six children. Hemingway’s gather was a doctor and his mother was a music teacher. Hemingway’s parents owned a cabin in northern Michigan where he spent most of his summers hunting and fishing, being separated from the rest of middle-class society. Hemiongway’s mother was a strict person and tried to impose a moral order her children. This caused hostility between mother and son. A major dispute arose between the two when Hemingway returned home from the war and went to the family cabin to get through the physical and psychologically rough experience he had. His mother complained about his slow pace re-adjustment to normal, civilian life. Ultimately, Hemingway left his secluded cabin and went to Paris in the 1920s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway’s father was having a rough time during this portion of Hemingway’s life. His father was suffereing from diabetes. He also had some financial misfortune and chronic depression. This all ended in 1928 when a self-inflicted pistol shot ended his life. This is when Hemingway was just starting to see the material rewards of his developing literary career. Hemingway did not have a very good childhood. Although his youth was bad, and unhappy, Hemingway viewed it as an essential artistic and personal resource for the development of an individual ‘heroic code.’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About the time that Hemingway graduated from high school, the Untied States was entering World War I. He tried to enlist in the army, but was not accepted due to a vision problem. When he heard that the Red Cross was taking volunteers to be ambulance drivers in the war, he took the opportunity and made it to the war. Hemingway was assigned to the front lines in Italy. After he had only been at the front for a few days, and a few days before his nineteenth birthday, Hemingway was wounded. A mortar fire at Fossalta di Pivi sent shrapenel into his legs. While Hemingway was injured, he met a nurse and fell in love with her. He proposed marriage, but like Granny Weatherall, he was jilted and his nurse married and Italian officer. Hemingway... ...sh them as â€Å"the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing.† This writing ethic was used by Hemingway and reinforced to him through lessons he learned from the works and advice of T. S. Eliot, Gertrude Stein, and Ezra Pound. Hemingway had a very modernist approach to writing. Part of this was he left out all extraneous verbiage and authorial intrusion. Instead he presented sharply focused images that stood out on their own. Hemingway also developed a writing discipline. He would write one thousand words a day and refine the copy back to around three hundred words. He did not want to bore the reader with a bunch of nonsense and rambling on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ernest Hemingway was a great American author. His stories were written about and through personal experiences. His stories directly reflected on his personal experiences and indirectly reflected on his unhappy childhood and his misfortune with the ladies. He had his own style and own ways of keeping that style up. He was a great man. Works Cited All Hemingway. http://www.allhemingway.com/criticism/essays.php?essay+Hemingway’s=style Hemingway, Ernest.â€Å"The Big Two Hearted River.† 1953

John Stuart Mill and the Ends of Sport :: Philosophy Philosophical Sports Essays

John Stuart Mill and the Ends of Sport ABSTRACT: While his own preference may have been for an engaging book over an exciting ballgame, John Stuart Mill’s distinction in Utilitarianism between higher and lower pleasures offers a useful framework for thinking about contemporary sport. This first became apparent while teaching Utilitarianism to undergraduates, whose interest is often piqued by using Mill’s distinction to rank popular sports such as baseball, football and basketball. This paper explores more seriously the relevance of Mill’s distinction for thinking about sport, focusing specifically on his claims about intellectual complexity and aesthetic value. It finds that while the distinction of higher and lower pleasures does support a hierarchy among sports, it remains problematic to assert that any sport could in fact constitute a genuine higher pleasure. Mill originally offered the distinction between higher and lower pleasures as a way of defending utilitarianism against critics who found it degrading. Because utilitarianism defines moral rightness solely as the net production of pleasure over pain, critics charged that it portrayed human happiness as no different from the contentment of well-fed barnyard animals. To these critics, any moral theory that cast human life as having no end higher than the pursuit of pleasure was surely "a doctrine worthy only of swine".(1) Mill countered that it was actually the critics of utilitarianism who degraded humanity, for they tacitly assumed that humans were capable of nothing more than animalistic pleasures. Mill maintained happiness is indeed a function of pleasure, although humans are capable of higher forms of pleasure than the other animals. Mill writes Human beings have faculties more elevated than the animal appetites, and when once made conscious of them, do not regard anything as happiness which does not include their gratification.(2) True human happiness thus requires at least some exposure to activities that gratify the higher faculties of the human mind. And though the pleasure of such activity requires greater effort and even some pain to realize, Mill considered it intrinsically superior to the relatively passive and animalistic pleasures obtained from satisfying one's hunger, thirst, or sexual desire. Thus, unlike Bentham, who thought that the pleasure obtained from reading one good poem could be equaled through playing many games of pushpin, Mill's distinction is qualitative: a higher pleasure can never be duplicated through the simple aggregation of lower pleasures. Mill posited three distinct sources of higher pleasure: (1) acts involving intellectual complexity (2) acts engaging the aesthetic imagination; and (3) acts engaging the moral sentiments.

Hero and Ceremony

The Monomyth The monomyth is a recurring, underlying theme that many writers follow not only intentionally but unintentionally as well; it follows the hero throughout the novel and explains the success of many mainstream novels. The monomyth is in its entirety he hero’s journey, beginning with the departure, then the initiation and ending with the return.In the novel of ceremony there is no real sense of time there are many flashback’s but there still is a monomyth and it also fills many of the categories to be one. Our hero in ceremony is Tayo even though he is not the average hero with great strength or intelligence but a hero who has an inner battle with himself and stress; he falls into the category of a romantic hero.The refusal in the monomyth has 6 step’s and ceremony manages to cover 5 of them , the first being the refusal and in ceremony it is not as a genuine refusal but a morale one that he wishes to continue to be accepted and not belittled by just be ing native American by the white people, during the war he was accepted and considered a hero by white people but when his uniform was off and he was returned home he was thought less of just because of his ethnicity so the real refusal here is his refusal to return to blatant racism even if it is not direct.A hero must also have a rescue from without that lets the audience see that even heroes are mortal and require help or rescue at one point to appeal to pathos or emotion. Tayo’s issue or battle with post-traumatic stress that causes him to drink to try to escape the sadness and memories of all his friends and loved ones death in the war, he is from without and also has a personal identity crisis that troubles him throughout the novel.The crossing of the threshold in the novel is not marked by a arduous task or magnanimous event but subtle and gentle , after meeting the â€Å"the woman† in the mountains who help’s Tayo with catching Josiah’s cattle or â€Å"the cattle of his dreams throughout his and her meeting by the last meeting Tayo feel’s much better about himself and his heritage, Tayo officially crosses the threshold after freeing the cattle of Josiah from a white man’s ranch but shows him the bill of sale and the cattle are wrangled to the woman’s house, so Tayo gets Robert and they head to the woman’s cabin and when they arrive the cattle are corralled in old Indian fashion and the house is abandoned and a few months after that Grandma claim’s he’s cured but Tayo’s true cure come when he puts an end to the ceremony, which is when Emo comes chasing him and torture Harley, a little before this. Tayo runs into a uranium mine and notices from the patterns on in the mine that it is the final stage of his ceremony.Master of two world's is when the hero realizes that there is nothing separating the new world from old world and is has a better understand and in ceremony this step is very clear when Tayo is finally cured and even a bit before that he is at peace with his old memories and sense of loss and his major self-realization that renders knowledge is after having relations with the woman in the mountain's he knows that the land and people you love are never truly lost because they had existed in the first place. The hero's final step is the Freedom to Live, Tayo with his new found knowledge of himself and the land is finally able to live at peace with himself and calm his inner demons to no longer cause nightmares and be able to live his life as a regular Indian now accepted by the tribe.

Marketing Strategy & Practice of cable and internet industry

Comcast is a telecommunications company based in the United States. Currently Comcast is the country’s' leading cable television network provider as well as being the country’s second largest provider of broadband internet services. In analyzing this paper, I will look at the current trends in the telecommunications industry within the United States. In addition to this, I will also look at some of the current developments and or drawbacks giving special reference to Comcast as a single firm. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER: Internet service providers are business organizations whose core business is providing business firms, organizations as well as private individuals with internet related services. In addition to this internet service, providers also provide a range of other services including domain registration, web hosting, collocation as well as internet transit. CABLE TELEVISION: Cable television is a technology that involves providing television services to wishing consumers using radio signals transmitted through coaxial cables or in recent times through optical fibers. In addition to this, these cables are sometimes used for providing broadband internet services, radio programming as well as a range of other services MARKETING STRATEGY: A marketing strategy is a business process that allows organizations or businesses to optimize sales as well as acquire competitive advantage over its competitors by finding the greatest opportunities of channeling the organizations limited resources. INTRODUCTION: Comcast Corporation has tried to find its market share within the United States telecommunications industry. In doing this, the company has tried to apply bleeding edge technologies in order to be ahead of its competitors like time Warner and Verizon. In doing this the company has company has initiated a mix of the best marketing strategy as well as market research. ANALYSIS: By the year 2006 the telecommunications industry on a global perspective was estimated to be worth more than $3 billion dollars. Within the United States alone, the sector is one of the largest employers with more than one million employees as of the year 2006. Within the United States, there are estimates that subscribers will grow to about 4 billion by the year2011. In addition to this, current trends within the sector involve mergers and multiple acquisitions that have made the industry one of the most competitive. In addition, cross-border ownership of business enterprises has become the norm. Among these mergers and acquisitions is the take over of MCI by giant Verizon Corporation. In addition, the industry is one of the fastest growing within the market. The industry is also the most interrelated with all the other sectors of the economy. Regardless of its remarkable growth, the industry is faced with a discreet problem from the wireless internet service providers. The growth of wireless internet and telephony has been one of the major troubles for the broadband technologies. On a firm-based perspective, there is stiff competition within the industry. To improve on market share every company uses its own strategy. However, in any industry there are four core elements of marketing strategy. These four elements are strategies that involve the product, pricing, promotion, and distribution. All firms within the industry seem to employ a different mix of the four elements in order to achieve its growth or industry projections. In this field, companies like Comcast have adopted technologies like video on demand in order to improve their competitive edge. In addition to this, companies like Verizon have increased their capital base and they are becoming some of the core competitors to Comcast. CONCLUSION: The telecommunications industry has come to be a major source of revenue for many economies. The industry is behind much growth that is being experienced within the East Asian newly industrialized countries like Singapore and Malaysia. The role of the industry in the development of many countries cannot be overlooked. REFERENCES: Edward F. McQuarrie. (2005). the Market Research Toolbox: A Concise Guide for Beginners. London: Sage Publications. Ian, Chaston. (1999). New Marketing Strategies: Evolving Flexible Processes to Fit Market Circumstance. London: Sage Publications James Higgins. (1994). the Management Challenge. New York: Macmillan Rogers, M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. Sunny, Crouch. &Matthew, Housden. (2003). Marketing Research for Managers. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â  

Macbeth Critical/ Analytical Study Essay

Guilt is a very strong, uncomfortable feeling that is often a result of one’s own actions. In the play, Macbeth, the author William Shakespeare uses character development to demonstrate how guilt can be self-destructive and ultimately lead to a negative impact on an individual’s mental stability. Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Macduff all suffer from a guilty conscience which affects them in different ways but ultimately causes them to behave irrationally. A person’s guilt and disgrace has the power to drive them to insanity and sometimes self-destruction. Macbeth starts out as a brave, heroic individual who is widely respected throughout his country. However, behind the valiant image is a secret that is slowly eating away at him. Macbeth is a murderer. The guilt and shame commence when Macbeth allows himself to be manipulated to commit such a beastly act. When he first experiences his guilty conscience, he mistakes the feeling as fear. This is first evident just before he murders King Duncan and Macbeth has a vision of an imaginary dagger. â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me,/ the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.† (2.1.33-34). He realizes that the dagger is just an image in his mind, but decides that it is a result of his fear and continues with the task. This is the first point where Macbeth shows a sign of a mental breakdown, although he is still able to think somewhat rationally. This ultimately evolves into a hardened Macbeth and causes him to continue with his horrific actions until he is out of control. The murder of King Duncan is followed by the murders of many others, including his closest friend Banquo. The build-up of guilt begins the affect Macbeth’s mental state more and more until he can no longer think straight. He begins to hallucinate and on occasion has visions of the ghost of Banquo. The ghost first appears at the banquet, where Macbeth sees the bloody image of Banquo sitting at the dinner table. His horrific reaction alone shows the guilt he has for the murder, and the fact that no other guests at the banquet are aware of the ghost confirms that the ghost has been made up in Macbeth’s head. This is the point at which the mental illness begins to take over, causing Macbeth to behave insanely as well. The guilt and shame of his actions is what in the end destroys him. The murder of Macduff’s family is the main example of how rampant he becomes; it is the unnecessary murder of the complete innocent. Macbeth’s disgrace is obvious near the end of the play, where he informs Macduff that he would not harm him as he is already guilty of murdering his whole family. â€Å"But get thee back; my soul is too much charged/ With blood of thane already† (5.8.6-7). He proves this when he has an opportunity to kill Macduff but instead backs down. This is the point in the play that represents the self-destruction of guilt. Out of revenge, Macduff soon after slays Macbeth, taking his life. With such a build up of guilt and shame driving him to the point of insanity, Macbeth’s mental instability eventually took over and led him to his own destruction. Macbeth’s wife experiences similar guilt, although is affected by it in a different way. Lady Macbeth is the individual who first instigates Macbeth to commit his first crime. She has a considerable amount of ambition for power, and is not afraid to execute any kind of horrific offence in order to get the power she wants. After the murder of the King, Lady Macbeth does not show signs of disgrace like her husband, in fact she tells Macbeth that they need to forget about the crime all together. â€Å"Things without all remedy/ Should be without regard: what’s done is done.† (3.2.13-14). However, guilt still haunts Lady Macbeth, but it haunts her in her subconscious. She makes it clear that she is unable to sleep at night and that she is disturbed by nightmares. Although, Lady Macbeth is only involved with the initial murder of Duncan, the several murders that follow are out of her control. Her idea of covering up and forgetting about the crime is soon taken over by an out of control guilty conscience. She begins to show remorse for the actions, but her guilt is what drives her to her insanity. The point at which this is evident is when she is found sleep walking one night. During her soliloquy, memories of the night of the murder tumble out, revealing some of her guilty secrets. â€Å"The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now?† (5.1.30). â€Å"I tell you again, Banquo is buried; he cannot come on’s grave.† (5.1.44). This is also the point at while Lady Macbeth’s mental instability begins to show. She starts hallucinating that she has blood on her hands from the murder that she cannot seem to wash off. â€Å"Out, damned sport! Out, I say!† (5.1.25). Lady Macbeth’s shame overpowers her, leaving her incapable to think or act rationally and her conscience is what ultimately causes her to take her own life. Lady Macbeth loses control of her emotions and guilt and her shame overwhelms her to the point of suicide. Macduff is another character who is consumed with guilt as well, but for a different reason. His guilt is not for any crimes he has committed, but it is a result of one of Macbeth’s. Macduff leaves his family alone at their house in Scotland, while he travels to England in order to gather forces to stand against Macbeth. Because of this, Macbeth sees him as a threat to his power and does anything he can to stop him, just as he has to any other individuals who came across as a threat. While Macduff is away, Macbeth murders his wife and children, as well as any employees found in his house. Macduff blames himself and feels guilty for leaving his family alone to be slaughtered. â€Å"Sinful Macduff,/ They were all struck for thee! Naught I am,/ Not for their own demerits, but for mine,/ Fell slaughter on their souls.† (4.3.231-234). Macduff then shows his firsts signs of inability to think rationally as a result of this guilt. His immediate reaction Is revenge on Macbeth, and he is then driven by the idea of his murder. Macduff vows to kill Macbeth on his own blade. When he achieves his wish of revenge and frees the country of Macbeth’s tyranny, he does so in a way that was no better than the acts of Macbeth. Even when a person’s guilt is brought upon them by an act which is out of their control, it can still affect their mental state and cause them to lose control of their emotions. No matter the individual, or their title, guilt can take over anyone. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had guilt that led to their own self-destruction. Macduff’s led to an irrational decision and a result no better than that of Macbeth’s actions. When individuals allow their emotions take over their actions it to a lack of ability to reason, it can drive a person mad and ultimately lead to their own downfall.

Atomic Bomb – World War II

World War II is known for acts of heroism on both sides, as well as controversial decisions. One major event that has long been debated was the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The reason Japan was threatened by the U. S. with the Atomic bomb was to force them to surrender. The war would have taken much longer had an invasion been attempted. An invasion would have cost more lives for both sides than the bombings. The Allies were justified in dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first reason the bombing was justified was that it was the most viable way to force the Japanese to surrender. The Allied offer of the Potsdam Conference on July 26, 1945 stating that the war would end only when the Japanese surrendered and gave up Emperor Hirohito. This offer was completely unacceptable to the Japanese, who, at the time, regarded their emperor as a god and declined the Postdam demands without thinking twice. President Harry S Truman was in a situation where he could not change the terms of the offer, because the American citizens wanted Hirohito imprisoned, if not executed after the bombing of pearl harbor. Changing the terms of the offer would also be regarded as a sign of weakness on the Americans' part, which was unacceptable during a time of war. After the crushing defeats of the U. S. over the Japanese at Iwo Jima and Okinawa were also very decisive battles that the U. S. won where the Japanese did not give up; showing there loyalty to their emperor and the fact that they wouldn’t give up. Meanwhile, as the U. S. was picking off all of the strategic islands around Japan, the Japanese were still building there defense up. This too proved they would not give up. Another reason that the Americans were justified in dropping the bomb was that it ended the war much more quickly than would an invasion. Many Americans had already been killed in the battles against Japan, and Truman’s main goals were to save American lives and get his troops home as soon as possible. The second of the two atomic bombs was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 and the Japanese surrendered 5 days later on August 14, 1945. The alternative to the use of the atomic bomb, an invasion over land, had been scheduled for November 1 had the bombing not succeeded or had it been cancelled. This invasion could have dragged on for months, if not years. Japan also had no defense for the destruction of the cities. If they had no defense they would have to surrender ending the war early. The third, final, and most important reason the Americans were justified in dropping atomic bombs on Japan was that the bombings claimed far less lives than would have been taken during an invasion. Between the two cities, there was estimated to have been approximately 115,000 deaths as a result of the bombings. President Truman estimated that as many as one million American soldiers would have died in an invasion of Japan. Also the Soviet Union was about to invade Japan. This would cause the Soviets to have a lot of influence in the United States’ decisions in the far east. President Truman intended the atomic bomb to be a way to end the war at a minimum cost of American lives. The use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a justified strategy on the Allies' part. A Japanese surrender was impossible due to the political landscape before the bombings. The war would have dragged on much longer had the bomb not been dropped and an invasion carried out instead. The bombings claimed fewer lives than an invasion would have. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought a decisive end to the Second World War, as well as beginning the nuclear age; changing the world forever.

Portraits from 1480-1560 - Beauty and Power Essay

Portraits from 1480-1560 - Beauty and Power - Essay Example On looking at the precision and detail Leonardo and other artists afforded his portraits, it is evident that what they were drawing was not merely portraits but ‘reality’ as it were. The artist’s attention to detail shows the modern person how life was during the time (Tinagli88). At the point, the portraits were supposed to be three-quarter so that the sitter could lock their eyes with the painter in a way that signified dialogue. It was believed that the eyes were the instrument through which love was communicated yet a few of the most celebrated portraits did not lock eyes with the viewer. Portrait Ginevra de’ Benci did not lock eyes with the beholder in spite of her being a renowned poet and hailed for her work which preached love. In his documentation, Leonardo wrote that he understood the conventions of beauty as depicted in poetry and believed that a painter yields, even more, power over men’s mind as in his work, he could draw a portrait that a man can fall in love too. The painting may not even depict a living person. In his argument, Leonardo is right to state that the paintings had power over the mind of men. Mostly, the eyes were believed to communicate love. In such a case, if the person received a portrait of a woman whose eyes were locked to those of the beholder, then there is no doubt the beholder would have translated the images to mean that the person loved them. In conclusion, there are many changes that have occurred in artistry since the Renaissance.

Academic writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Academic writing - Essay Example Before taking the writing course, I was poor at introducing essays. On many occasions, it was difficult to capture the attention of the reader from the introductory paragraph, and this often made my essays difficult to understand. However, after taking the course, I have learnt how to write better introductions. I have learnt how to analyze and breakdown a question in order to write a good introduction that can be understood by the readers. In particular, this course has taught me how to write thesis statements. This is the backbone of any essay and therefore provides the readers with the foundation on which the essay will be based (Perutz, 2010). I have learnt how to take a point of view in the introduction and defend it throughout the essay. This is the essence of writing a thesis statement. This way, readers know what the essay is about. In order to write an effective introduction, I have learnt the importance of analyzing the main question or topic. This allows the writer to unde rstand the various parts of the topic, and how they relate to one another (Rao, et al, 2007). As a result, one is able to come up with a stand regarding the topic, allowing him to write the introduction. Another important aspect of writing is the use of paragraphs. Through this course, I have learnt how to organize ideas into paragraphs, each supporting the main thesis. I have learnt that each paragraph has to start with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of that paragraph. This makes the reader know exactly what that paragraph is talking about (Russell, (n.d)). I have also improved how I transition from one paragraph to the next by using sentences at either the end of a paragraph or at the beginning of the next. This allows for the two paragraphs to be connected. In addition, through this course, I have improved on the use of examples and evidence in the paragraphs. These

Stateless nation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stateless nation - Research Paper Example In this paper, much focus will be on the stateless nation of Kurds (Natali 70). The Kurds hence are a group of ancient non-Arabs that are mostly Sunni Muslims. In terms of geographical distribution, they are sparsely distributed across several states in Turkey, Iran and Iraq, while a few others exist in Syria, Armenia, and Azerbaijan (Koohzad 180). Therefore, an annotated bibliography of the Kurds will be summarized in this paper to provide a clear picture of the stateless nation of Kurds. Aristova, T. and David Testen. "Kurds." Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1996): 234-260. In the Encyclopedia of world cultures, an overview of Kurds is provided. The paper clearly provides the population statistics of the Kurds back then in 1989 (Aristove 235). It goes forth and provides their distribution in the various regions which they occupy: USSR, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Estonia and Moldova (Aristove 245). The article also provides a brief overview of their linguistic affiliation. It continues father to give a discussion of their history plus their cultural relations. Furthermore, the encyclopedia also provides a brief yet detailed overview of their language, literacy, settlements, economy, religion and finally their culture (Aristove 256). Koohzad, M. "Kurds." The International Journal of Kurdish Studies (2008): 22 (1), 173-192. In this journal article, Koohzad provides an overview of the Kurdish culture and society. From various researches conducted by various people, the journal article manages to provide evidenced information in regard to the Kurds fiasco (Koohzad 183). It encompasses a detailed overview of the Kurdish language, the society and its history. In addition, much interest is drawn to it in regard to their anthropology. Furthermore, it provides an overview in regard to its stateless nature and some of the efforts put forth by Kurds in regard to nation building (Koohzad 191). Natali, Den ise. The Kurds And the State: Evolving National Identity in Iraq, Turkey, And Iran. New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005. Print. This book provides an evolutionary explanation of the Kurdish nationalism, showing that contrary to the popular beliefs and theories in regard to the Kurds, as it supports the fact that their nothing fixed or natural in regard to Kurdish identity or whatever nationalism they assume (Natali 67). The author of this book argues that the given nationalism of the Kurdish people might have been shaped through the existence of other nation states and the need to have their own. it goes further to explain the political, and cultural aspects of the Kurds in detail (Natali 69). Reynolds, James. "Defiance in Turkey's Kurdish heartland." 11 October 2012. bbc.co.uk. 1 April 2013 . In this article written by Reynolds James, an overview of the stateless region of Kurdish and its inhabitants it’s provided and a detailed explanation provided on why they were be ing defiant to the existing Turkish government. The article starts by the editor enquiring the identity of a certain child, of which refuted as saying he was not Turkish, and insisted he was Kurdish (Reynolds). It continues by providing a history into the birth of the stateless nation Kurds and

Theories Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theories - Coursework Example Some other areas of production include the production of compact discs, television sets and fridges. As until 2002, Royal Philps Electronic was not one organization that could be said to have been on an upsurge rise in terms of growth or downward decline in terms of growth (Gardener, 2001. This because the growth pattern of the company kept fluctuating by the years. Due to the need to arrest the growth rate of the company and ensure that there was stability in terms of growth, a number of organizational changes were recommended in the company. Most of these organizational changes were given birth to by the coming of Gerard Kleisterlee, who took over as the company’s president in the year 2001. The summary of the organizational change could be given as that, Gerard Kleisterlee saw the need for there to be integration in the operations and functioning of the organization (Koduah, 2001). This is because prior to his coming, â€Å"he found a company that was rigidly divided into six business divisions, with little or no communication among them† (Wyle, 2012). The result of this was that the organization could not have a common focus and so its programs and policies could not be closely monitored and evaluated under the same model. Much of the organizational change that took place at Royal Philips Electronics could be attributed to the personal background and personality of Gerard Kleisterlee, who took over as the president of the company and thus the global leader, responsible for controlling the fortunes and visions orientation of the company (Moynihan and Henry, 2006). This is because the leader was born in the very country of origin of the company and so had very insightful idea about the formal and informal operations of the company. Moreover, the leader received university education in electronics, which gave him an excellent understanding of the core duties and operations of Royal Philips, which was of course, an electronic company.

The Role of the RN In Medical Surgical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Role of the RN In Medical Surgical - Essay Example Surgical nurses play a fundamental role in provision of health care services to patients before, during and after surgical operations. Their work consists of both outside and inside the sterile field where they deal with direct patient care as well as offering the necessary support to the surgical team (Workman, 2009). Under the surveillance of a surgical physician, surgical nurses offer services in the operation room in addition to pre-surgical departments in the hospital. Their services facilitate smooth operating procedures by preparing patients for a surgery, helping the surgeon during an operation and further attending to the patients after the surgery until they fully recover. However, even though the working environment for surgical nurses can be considered to be good, sometimes they turn out to be both emotionally and physically stressful since they are required to be alert for most of their shifts and sometimes they are forced to work beyond their scheduled shifts (Maclise, 2008). Recovery surgical nurses are registered nurses who offer their services to patients before and after a surgery, their major role is to prepare patients for surgical procedures by administering pre-surgical services like intravenous injections, observation of the medical history of the patient, conducting a complete blood test and other preliminary surgical requirements such as shaving (Workman, 2009). RNs who work in the recovery sector monitor the reaction of the patient as he or she recovers from the effects of the anesthesia administered before the surgery. They basically observe for patient’s vital recuperation indicators, clean and dress the wounds as well as administer the recommended medication in addition to assisting the patient with pain management strategies. Further, they assist with provision of post-surgery health care education to both the patient and his/her family (Ignatavicius, 2007). Surgical nurses also offer sterility services to the surgeon by ens uring that each and every surgical instrument is sterilized to the required standard in an effort to guarantee that there are reduced chances of contamination and infection. The nurses are treated with antimicrobial soap and equipped with a sterilized suit; this ensures that microbes which can infect the patient during the operation are kept at bay (Maclise, 2008). These nurses prepare the required surgical instruments and other essential supplies that are needed during the operation procedure. There are also some nurses who play a fundamental role during the surgery even though they are not involved in the sterile field. Their duties include securing any additional instruments that may be required during the surgery, preparing samples for lab tests and also ensuring that bio-hazardous wastes are well disposed (Workman, 2009). It is the duty of a surgical nurse to treat patients who are under acute health conditions after undergoing a surgery since most of the patients will be in ne ed of pain management medication (Ackley & Ladwig, 2010). The surgical RN has the responsibility of ensuring that the patient takes the exact medication which has been prescribed by a surgeon or a doctor as some of the prescriptions can be harmful if taken incorrectly and thus, they call for the proper dosage at the appropriate time. A surgical nurse is also required to talk to the patient at least more than 10 times a day so as to realize

Foreign Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign Bonds - Essay Example Foreign Bonds Introduction to Foreign Bonds â€Å"Foreign bonds are a debt security issued by a borrower from outside the country in whose currency the bond is denominated and in which the bond is sold† (Scott 2003). Whatever country the bonds come from, they fall into either of two classes: government bonds and corporate bonds (Brigham & Eharhardt 2009). The former is supported by the issuing governments and their agencies. For example, a bond denominated in Philippine peso that is issued by the government of the United Sates is a foreign bond. Bonds that are partially backed by the U.S. government are called â€Å"Brady bonds† after Nicholas Brady, former treasury secretary under the administration of presidents Reagan and Bush (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2009). Corporate bonds, on the other are issued by foreign or multinational corporations (MNCs) (Madura 2006). For instance, Sharp Corporation (a Japanese firm) may need U.S. dollars to finance the operations of its holdings in the United States. If it decides to raise the needed capital in the United States, then the bond would be financed by a group of U.S. investment bankers, denominated in U.S. dollars, and sold to U.S. investors in accordance with SEC and applicable state regulations. The bond is no different from those issued by equivalent U.S. corporations except for its foreign origin, thus making it a foreign bond. Alternatively, if Sharp Corporation issued bonds in the Philippines that were denominated in pesos then they would also be considered as foreign bonds. â€Å"Foreign bond issues carry prefixes that indicate the country in which the offering is made† (Shailaja 2008). If Sharp Corporation would make a U.S. dollar denominated bond issue in the U.S. capital market, it is making an issue of Yankee bonds. Similarly a Samurai bond is a yen denominated bond issue made by a foreign borrower in the Japanese capital market to Japanese investors. A Bulldog bond is a pound sterling denomi nated bond issue made by a foreign borrower in the British capital market to British investors. Foreign bonds may be subject to withholding tax. â€Å"This is a tax levied by the country to which the foreign borrower belongs, on interest payments made to foreign bondholders† (Shailaja 2008). Suppose Sharp Corporation makes a Yankee bond issue and the Japanese tax law stipulates that a 15% withholding tax must be levied on interest payments made by Sharp Corporation to the bond holder. If the face value of each bond is $100 and the fixed coupon rate is 10%, the interest receivable by a bondholder is $10. But with the 15% withholding tax, he receives only $8.5—that is, $10 less 15%. The Reason Foreign Bonds Exist â€Å"Foreign bonds are designed to cater to the investment needs of the target market† (Shailaja 2008). They have certain attributes that appeal to investors in the capital market where they are tendered. Foreign firms or multinational corporations that aspire to expand their business portfolios choose to issue bonds in several foreign countries. This is also one strategy to obtain support from the government of each foreign country that they plan to do business with. Issuers understand that they may be able to attract a stronger demand by offering their bonds in a particular foreign country rather than in their home country (Madura 2008). Some countries have a limited investor base, so companies in those countries seek financing overseas (Madura 2008). Also

Project Managment - Team work Evaluation Assignment - 1

Project Managment - Team work Evaluation - Assignment Example The group members came up with a substantial project process model that covered every sector of the project. Responsibilities were shared among members of the group to ease management and accomplish the goal of the project. Each stage was critically reviewed and parts that had problems were discussed by all members until an amicable solution was found. This model is important because it facilitates proper communication among different departments in the project (Kivipelto & Yliruka, 2012, p. 3). In addition, individuals are able to work with the allocated budget as resources are not wasted. It also helps to solve problems that are encountered as the project goes on so the project does not come to a standstill. This means that the project is likely to be completed in the stipulated time frame. Team members are motivated to work towards accomplishing the goal of the project since there are clear guidelines to be followed. The model provides a good system for conflict mangers thus the project is not swayed in the wrong direction. It is therefore very important to evaluate a team process model before starting the main

College and career goals and why I should receive this schlorship Essay

College and career goals and why I should receive this schlorship - Essay Example I decided to pursue a career in acting at an early age and my first experience was when I was in third grade. I took part in the third grade talent show, my performance was exemplary, and the audience together with my teacher was thoroughly impressed and encouraged me to pursue a career in acting. Since then I have taken acting classes at KD Studios in Dallas. Additionally, I have taken part in a movie (A Race against Time- The Sharla Bulter Story Extra MSD Production Directed by Maurice Durham) as an extra and several school plays. I am also a member of the National Thespian Society and was the President of the Desoto Chapter Of the National Thespian Society (2013/14) and won the Award for All Star Cast (Lead) – UIL One Act Play â€Å"The Insanity of Mary Girard† (2013) Dancing (Hip Hop). I always keep myself updated with the developments taking place in the acting (Conley 99). My academic performance is satisfactory and I have a 3.3 GPA. I am also an avid learner who is willing to do all it takes to excel in my studies. While I continuously looking for ways to improve my proficiency in acting, this scholarship would transform my life and help me achieve my career goals. The institution’s rationale for choosing Justin as the best candidate for the scholarship lies behind the fact that he is a talented, motivated and experienced actor who is willing to do all that it take to improve his acting

Rule of Law Essay Example for Free

Rule of Law Essay

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Example for Free

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Jean Piaget’s and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s theories on cognitive development both play a significant role in addressing the intellectual growth of children (Lain, 2006). Psychologists and educators alike, rely on these theories in constructing the standards by which children are being brought up and taught today. Essentially, cognitive development is the process by which our intellectual ability grows and progresses. Slavin (2003), maintains that cognitive development, â€Å"is the gradual and orderly changes that occur making ones mental process more complex and sophisticated† (as cited in Lain, 2006, Cognitive Development section, para. 1). As the children’s learning process is crucial to the development of their learning ability and critical thought process, educators must have a good grasp of these theories to fully address the children’s individual learning needs. Jean Piaget’s theory is marked by several developmental stages that define the child’s corresponding cognitive level. On the other hand, Lev Vygotsky developed the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) based on the assumption that children learn more quickly under the guidance of a more experienced adult (Maccarelli, 2006). Considered as constructivists, both renowned theorists believed that children learn by formulating new ideas by combining old ones. The Hawaii Department of Education E-School also claims that, â€Å"constructivists believe that learning is affected by the context in which an idea is taught as well as by students beliefs and attitudes† (as cited in Davison, 2006, Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory section, para. 1). As society determines the amount of knowledge a child gains, it also sets the limit to the students’ cognitive development. However, the principal ideas between the two theorists vary greatly. Piaget strongly believed that learning occurs after development. He indicated that a child will start the learning process after the child has reached a certain developmental stage. Contrarily, Vygotsky claimed that the child develops as a result of learning. Furthermore, Vygotsky placed a large amount of emphasis on the importance of outside influence to the child’s overall cognitive development, where as Piaget barely acknowledged the significance of outside influence on the child’s development in his theorems. Moreover, while Piaget’s theory has four distinct and set standards of development, Vygotsky’s theory does not support predetermined stages at all. Instead, he stressed the importance of private speech and ZPD on the child’s development. Living in a society that is an integration of multiple cultures, classified by age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and economic status, each of us is a product of our social interactions to these various cultures. If we examine Vygotsky’s theory, a large part of a child’s development is placed on the input of others, it is therefore reasonable to assume that a multicultural society places a great deal of input on the child’s development. However, since a child’s development is limited to his or her surroundings, and his thoughts and ideas mainly influenced by that of his early caregivers, sometimes the child is not exposed to different cultures other than his own. This gives rise to multicultural issues that we see nowadays. And as the study of multicultural psychology is greatly concerned with exploring, understanding, and appreciating the differences in culture, based on Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theory, these multicultural issues could be avoided if children are exposed or introduced to diverse cultures early in life. References Davison, B. (2006). Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/94974/piaget_vs_vygotsky_the_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Lain, (2006). Cognitive Development: A Comparison Between the Work of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/41531/cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Maccarelli, S. (2006). Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: The Socio-Cultural Perspective. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/29997/vygotskys_theory_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Uncgrad, (2006). Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/452881/piagets_stages_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4